{"id":1330,"date":"2019-05-14T20:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-05-14T20:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/money2022.localhost\/novinky-a-tipy\/zvysuje-minimalni-mzda-nezamestnanost\/"},"modified":"2023-02-01T15:07:49","modified_gmt":"2023-02-01T14:07:49","slug":"zvysuje-minimalni-mzda-nezamestnanost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/mzdy-a-personalistika\/zvysuje-minimalni-mzda-nezamestnanost\/","title":{"rendered":"Zvy\u0161uje minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzda nezam\u011bstnanost?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzda m\u00e1 dv\u011b funkce:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ochrannou<\/strong> \u2013 chr\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u011bstnance p\u0159ed chudobou a umo\u017e\u0148uje jim \u017e\u00edt na \u00farovni skromn\u00e9 hmotn\u00e9 pot\u0159eby. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 zaji\u0161\u0165uje rovn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky mzdov\u00e9 konkurence a zabra\u0148uje ne\u00fanosn\u00e9mu sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed mezd ze strany zam\u011bstnavatel\u016f jen na z\u00e1klad\u011b popt\u00e1vky.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Motiva\u010dn\u00ed<\/strong> \u2013 motivuje ob\u010dany k vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00ed \u010dinnosti. M\u011bla by tedy zv\u00fdhodnit zam\u011bstnan\u00e9 osoby oproti osob\u00e1m se soci\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjmem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tyto funkce v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice k 1. lednu 2019 zast\u00e1v\u00e1 mzda <strong>13 350 K\u010d<\/strong>. Z povahy funkce minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzdy by tedy m\u011blo vypl\u00fdvat, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bude, t\u00edm v\u00edc budou obyvatel\u00e9 motivovan\u00ed k pr\u00e1ci a nezam\u011bstnanost bude klesat.<\/p>\n<p>Je tomu ale opravdu tak?<\/p>\n<h2>Co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 statistika<\/h2>\n<p>V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice se minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzda od roku 1993 zv\u00fd\u0161ila v\u00edce ne\u017e <strong>\u0161estin\u00e1sobn\u011b<\/strong>. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu let se n\u011bkdy zvy\u0161ovala i dvakr\u00e1t do roka. Ale nap\u0159\u00edklad mezi lety 2007 a 2013 se nezv\u00fd\u0161ila ani o korunu.<\/p>\n<table id=\"fixTable\" class=\"c-table__table\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Obdob\u00ed<\/th>\n<th>V\u00fd\u0161e v K\u010d za m\u011bs\u00edc<\/th>\n<th>V\u00fd\u0161e v K\u010d za hodinu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00fanor 1991<\/td>\n<td>2 000<\/td>\n<td>10,80<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>leden 1992<\/td>\n<td>2 200<\/td>\n<td>12,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>leden 1996<\/td>\n<td>2 500<\/td>\n<td>13,60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>leden 1998<\/td>\n<td>2 650<\/td>\n<td>14,80<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>leden 1999<\/td>\n<td>3 250<\/td>\n<td>18,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u010dervenec 1999<\/td>\n<td>3 600<\/td>\n<td>20,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>leden 2000<\/td>\n<td>4 000<\/td>\n<td>22,30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u010dervenec 2000<\/td>\n<td>4 500<\/td>\n<td>25,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>leden 2001<\/td>\n<td>5 000<\/td>\n<td>30,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>leden 2002<\/td>\n<td>5 700<\/td>\n<td>33,90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>leden 2003<\/td>\n<td>6 200<\/td>\n<td>36,90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>leden 2004<\/td>\n<td>6 700<\/td>\n<td>39,60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>leden 2005<\/td>\n<td>7 185<\/td>\n<td>42,50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>leden 2006<\/td>\n<td>7 570<\/td>\n<td>44,70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u010dervenec 2006<\/td>\n<td>7 955<\/td>\n<td>48,10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>leden 2007<\/td>\n<td>8 000<\/td>\n<td>48,10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>srpen 2013<\/td>\n<td>8 500<\/td>\n<td>50,60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>leden 2015<\/td>\n<td>9 200<\/td>\n<td>55,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>leden 2016<\/td>\n<td>9 900<\/td>\n<td>58,70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>leden 2017<\/td>\n<td>11 000<\/td>\n<td>66,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>leden 2018<\/td>\n<td>12 200<\/td>\n<td>73,20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>leden 2019<\/td>\n<td>13 350<\/td>\n<td>79,80<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><small><em>V\u00fdvoj \u00farovn\u011b minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzdy v \u010cR.<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n<p>Pod\u00edvejte se, na <a href=\"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/mzdy-a-personalistika\/minimalni-a-zarucena-mzda-v-roce-2022-koho-se-tyka-a-jaka-je-jeji-vyse\/\">v\u00fd\u0161i minim\u00e1ln\u00ed a zaru\u010den\u00e9 mzdy v roce 2022<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>M\u011blo toto dlouhodob\u00e9 zmrazen\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzdy pozitivn\u00ed vliv na nezam\u011bstnanost? Nevypad\u00e1 to tak.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/kurzy-cz-mira-nezamestnanosti-v20190425T131446x2-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"style-svg\" src=\"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/kurzy-cz-mira-nezamestnanosti-v20190425T131446x2-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"668\" height=\"419\"><\/a><br \/>\n<small><em>V\u00fdvoj m\u00edry nezam\u011bstnanosti v \u010cR.<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n<p>Na grafu vid\u00edme, \u017ee v dob\u011b, kdy byla minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzda zmrazen\u00e1 a nezvy\u0161ovala se (2007 &#8211; 2013), nezam\u011bstnanost sp\u00ed\u0161e stoupala. Po jej\u00edm op\u011btovn\u00e9m zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pak za\u010dala klesat.<\/p>\n<p>Na m\u00edru nezam\u011bstnanosti m\u00e1 samoz\u0159ejm\u011b vliv spoustu dal\u0161\u00edch prom\u011bnn\u00fdch. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b graf siln\u011b ovliv\u0148uje krizov\u00fd rok 2009. Dal\u0161\u00edmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi faktory jsou <strong>zahrani\u010dn\u00ed investice, migrace, zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed nebo v\u00fdvoj trhu<\/strong>. Z t\u011bchto graf\u016f tak nem\u016f\u017eeme odvodit p\u0159\u00edmou \u00fam\u011bru.<\/p>\n<h2>Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee ano, \u010ce\u0161i, \u017ee ne<\/h2>\n<p>V \u00fanoru 2014 odhadla <strong>servisn\u00ed organizace americk\u00e9ho Kongresu C<\/strong>BO, (zpr\u016fm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00fdsledk\u016f mnoha studi\u00ed), \u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzdy v USA ze 7,25 dolar\u016f na 10,10 dolar\u016f (tedy nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed o v\u00edce ne\u017e 25 %) za hodinu zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstnanost v USA o 0,3 %.<\/p>\n<p>Studie, kterou zve\u0159ejnil \u00da\u0159ad vl\u00e1dy v roce 2014 naopak tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzdy na r\u016fst <strong>nezam\u011bstnanosti v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice<\/strong> vliv nem\u00e1. Ot\u00e1zkou v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry je relevantn\u00ed studie vypracovan\u00e1 na zad\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1dy, kter\u00e1 na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzdy m\u011bla sv\u016fj z\u00e1jem.<\/p>\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek Marka Vokouna <strong>Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzda a m\u00edry nezam\u011bstnanosti v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice v letech 1998 a\u017e 2013<\/strong> toti\u017e dosp\u011bl zase k opa\u010dn\u00e9mu n\u00e1zoru. Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzda podle n\u011bj ovliv\u0148uje situaci dlouhodob\u011b nezam\u011bstnan\u00fdch. Jedn\u00edm z vysv\u011btlen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt to, \u017ee zaveden\u00ed technologi\u00ed je pro zam\u011bstnavatele levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e n\u00e1klady na pracovn\u00edka s minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzdou.<\/p>\n<p>Z v\u00fdzkumu tak\u00e9 vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vliv na nezam\u011bstnanost m\u00e1 r\u016fst minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzdy u skupin, kter\u00e9 jsou v ohro\u017een\u00ed vylou\u010den\u00ed z trhu pr\u00e1ce. V\u017edy, kdy\u017e se zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzda v <strong>pom\u011bru k decilov\u00e9 mzd\u011b<\/strong> (pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 mzda nejh\u016f\u0159e placen\u00fdch 10 % obyvatel), doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed nezam\u011bstnanosti. Hodnota pr\u00e1ce nejh\u016f\u0159e placen\u00fdch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f je v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pro zam\u011bstnavatele zkr\u00e1tka p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Je vid\u011bt, \u017ee vliv minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzdy na \u00farove\u0148 nezam\u011bstnanosti je probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd tr\u00e1p\u00ed ekonomy po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, ale nezd\u00e1 se, \u017ee by na n\u011bj existovala jasn\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f.<\/p>\n<p>V n\u00edzkop\u0159\u00edjmov\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch rostouc\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzda m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed nezam\u011bstnanosti, proto\u017ee se zam\u011bstnavatel\u016fm nevyplat\u00ed tyto lidi platit a investuj\u00ed rad\u011bji do stroj\u016f. Vliv je nicm\u00e9n\u011b velmi zanedbateln\u00fd.<\/p>\n<div class=\"info-box\">\n<span class=\"fa fa-info\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&nbsp;<\/span>P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si: <a href=\"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/mzdy-a-personalistika\/minimalni-a-zarucena-mzda-v-roce-2022-koho-se-tyka-a-jaka-je-jeji-vyse\/\">Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed a zaru\u010den\u00e1 mzda v roce 2022: koho se t\u00fdk\u00e1 a jak\u00e1 je jej\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzda m\u00e1 dv\u011b funkce: Ochrannou \u2013 chr\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u011bstnance p\u0159ed chudobou a umo\u017e\u0148uje jim \u017e\u00edt na \u00farovni skromn\u00e9 hmotn\u00e9 pot\u0159eby. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 zaji\u0161\u0165uje rovn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky mzdov\u00e9 &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1331,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_searchwp_excluded":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,18],"tags":[95,164],"class_list":["post-1330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mzdy-a-personalistika","category-odmenovani","tag-minimalni-mzda-a-plat","tag-zamestnanost"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1330","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1330"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1330\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7379,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1330\/revisions\/7379"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1331"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1330"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1330"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1330"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}