{"id":2455,"date":"2021-10-11T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-11T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/money2022.localhost\/novinky-a-tipy\/zalozeni-a-vznik-pracovniho-pomeru-jak-zbytecne-nechybovat\/"},"modified":"2023-06-09T15:33:20","modified_gmt":"2023-06-09T13:33:20","slug":"zalozeni-a-vznik-pracovniho-pomeru-jak-zbytecne-nechybovat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/mzdy-a-personalistika\/zalozeni-a-vznik-pracovniho-pomeru-jak-zbytecne-nechybovat\/","title":{"rendered":"Vznik pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru a n\u00e1le\u017eitosti pracovn\u00ed smlouvy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pracovn\u00ed pom\u011br je z\u00a0pr\u00e1vn\u00edho hlediska smluvn\u00ed vztah mezi zam\u011bstnancem a zam\u011bstnavatelem. Dle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zakonyprolidi.cz\/cs\/2006-262\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">z\u00e1kon\u00edku pr\u00e1ce<\/a> (d\u00e1le jen \u201eZP\u201c) je zam\u011bstnancem fyzick\u00e1 osoba, kter\u00e1 se zav\u00e1zala k v\u00fdkonu z\u00e1visl\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce v z\u00e1kladn\u00edm pracovn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00edm vztahu. Zam\u011bstnavatelem je pak osoba (subjekt), pro kterou se fyzick\u00e1 osoba zav\u00e1zala k v\u00fdkonu z\u00e1visl\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce v z\u00e1kladn\u00edm pracovn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00edm vztahu.<\/p>\n<h2>Postup p\u0159ed vznikem pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru<\/h2>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 m\u00e1lokdo v\u00ed, \u017ee ZP upravuje nejen pracovn\u00ed pom\u011br jako takov\u00fd, ale u\u017e i samotn\u00fd postup p\u0159ed jeho vznikem. Tuto problematiku upravuj\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zakonyprolidi.cz\/cs\/2006-262#cast2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a7\u00a7 30-32 ZP<\/a>. Na m\u00edst\u011b je zde rozhodn\u011b p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee zam\u011bstnavatel sm\u00ed <strong>vy\u017eadovat<\/strong> v souvislosti s jedn\u00e1n\u00edm <br \/>p\u0159ed vznikem pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru od fyzick\u00e9 osoby, kter\u00e1 se u n\u011bj uch\u00e1z\u00ed o pr\u00e1ci, <strong>jen takov\u00e9 \u00fadaje, kter\u00e9 bezprost\u0159edn\u011b souvisej\u00ed s uzav\u0159en\u00edm pracovn\u00ed smlouvy<\/strong>. P\u0159ed uzav\u0159en\u00edm pracovn\u00ed smlouvy m\u00e1 nav\u00edc zam\u011bstnavatel povinnost sezn\u00e1mit zam\u011bstnance s\u00a0pr\u00e1vy a\u00a0povinnostmi, kter\u00e9 by\u00a0pro\u00a0n\u011bho z\u00a0pracovn\u00ed smlouvy vypl\u00fdvaly, a\u00a0tak\u00e9 s\u00a0pracovn\u00edmi a\u00a0mzdov\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami, za\u00a0nich\u017e\u00a0m\u00e1\u00a0pr\u00e1ci konat.<\/p>\n<h2>Zalo\u017een\u00ed a vznik pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru<\/h2>\n<p>V\u00a0podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch \u010desk\u00e9 legislativy zn\u00e1me <strong>dva zp\u016fsoby zalo\u017een\u00ed<\/strong> pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pracovn\u00ed smlouvou a<\/li>\n<li>jmenov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pracovn\u00ed smlouva je dvoustrann\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm ujedn\u00e1n\u00edm, jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed jednostrann\u00fdm. V\u00a0obou p\u0159\u00edpadech v\u0161ak ZP vy\u017eaduje <strong>souhlas jak ze strany zam\u011bstnavatele, tak i ze strany zam\u011bstnance<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Jestli\u017ee zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpis nebo stanovy spolku, odborov\u00e9 organizace nebo organizace zam\u011bstnavatel\u016f podle zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho p\u0159edpisu vy\u017eaduj\u00ed, aby se obsazen\u00ed pracovn\u00edho m\u00edsta uskute\u010dnilo na z\u00e1klad\u011b volby p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm org\u00e1nem, pova\u017euje se zvolen\u00ed za p\u0159edpoklad, kter\u00fd p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed sjedn\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00ed smlouvy (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.zakonyprolidi.cz\/cs\/2006-262#cast2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a7 33 odst. 2 ZP<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pracovn\u00ed pom\u011br<\/strong> pak <strong>vznik\u00e1 dnem<\/strong>, kter\u00fd byl sjedn\u00e1n v pracovn\u00ed smlouv\u011b jako den <strong>n\u00e1stupu do pr\u00e1ce nebo dnem, kter\u00fd byl uveden jako den jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> na pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsto vedouc\u00edho zam\u011bstnance (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.zakonyprolidi.cz\/cs\/2006-262#cast2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a7 36 ZP<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>TIP: P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si, jak\u00e9 jsou <a href=\"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/mzdy-a-personalistika\/druhy-pracovnich-pomeru-a-prace-konana-mimo-pracovni-pomer\/\">druhy pracovn\u00edch pom\u011br\u016f<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Vznik pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru pracovn\u00ed smlouvou<\/h2>\n<p>Pracovn\u00ed smlouva mus\u00ed b\u00fdt uzav\u0159en\u00e1 <strong>p\u00edsemn\u011b<\/strong>, minim\u00e1ln\u011b ve dvou vyhotoven\u00edch, z nich\u017e jedno obdr\u017e\u00ed zam\u011bstnanec a druh\u00e9 zam\u011bstnavatel. Pracovn\u00ed smlouvu je nezbytn\u00e9 uzav\u0159\u00edt bu\u010f p\u0159edem nebo v den n\u00e1stupu zam\u011bstnance do pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n<div class=\"info-box\"><span class=\"fa fa-info\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>TIP: P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si, jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b vybrat <a href=\"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/mzdy-a-personalistika\/hpp-dohoda-nebo-ic-jak-spravne-vybrat-typ-smlouvy-pro-prvniho-zamestnance\/\">typ pracovn\u00ed smlouvy<\/a> pro prvn\u00edho zam\u011bstnance.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3>N\u00e1le\u017eitosti pracovn\u00ed smlouvy<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Nezbytn\u00fdmi n\u00e1le\u017eitostmi<\/strong> pracovn\u00ed smlouvy jsou:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>druh pr\u00e1ce<\/strong>, kter\u00fd\u00a0m\u00e1 zam\u011bstnanec pro\u00a0zam\u011bstnavatele vykon\u00e1vat,<\/li>\n<li><strong>m\u00edsto nebo m\u00edsta v\u00fdkonu pr\u00e1ce<\/strong>, ve\u00a0kter\u00fdch m\u00e1 b\u00fdt pr\u00e1ce vykon\u00e1v\u00e1na, a\u00a0<\/li>\n<li><strong>den n\u00e1stupu do\u00a0pr\u00e1ce<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bez t\u011bchto 3 n\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed a bez p\u00edsemn\u00e9 formy pracovn\u00ed smlouvy by byla pracovn\u00ed smlouva neplatn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Je v\u0161ak standardem, \u017ee si zam\u011bstnavatel a zam\u011bstnanec sjednaj\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci pracovn\u00ed smlouvy je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed, ji\u017e <strong>nepovinn\u00e9 <\/strong><strong>n\u00e1le\u017eitosti pracovn\u00ed smlouvy<\/strong><strong>. B\u011b\u017en\u011b se jedn\u00e1 <\/strong>nap\u0159.\u00a0ujedn\u00e1n\u00ed o\u00a0dob\u011b trv\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru, ujedn\u00e1n\u00ed o\u00a0zku\u0161ebn\u00ed dob\u011b, ujedn\u00e1n\u00ed o\u00a0konkuren\u010dn\u00ed dolo\u017ece, ujedn\u00e1n\u00ed o\u00a0mo\u017enosti vys\u00edlat zam\u011bstnance na\u00a0pracovn\u00ed cestu a \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n<h3>Doba trv\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru<\/h3>\n<p>Nen\u00ed-li ve smlouv\u011b v\u00fdslovn\u011b sjedn\u00e1na doba trv\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru, pak pracovn\u00ed pom\u011br trv\u00e1 <strong>na dobu neur\u010ditou<\/strong>. Doba trv\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru <strong>na dobu ur\u010ditou<\/strong> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.zakonyprolidi.cz\/cs\/2006-262#cast2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a7 39 ZP<\/a>) mezi t\u00fdmi\u017e smluvn\u00edmi stranami nesm\u00ed p\u0159es\u00e1hnout 3 roky a ode dne vzniku prvn\u00edho pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru na dobu ur\u010ditou m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt opakov\u00e1na nejv\u00fd\u0161e dvakr\u00e1t. Za opakov\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru na dobu ur\u010ditou se pova\u017euje rovn\u011b\u017e i jeho prodlou\u017een\u00ed. Co to tedy prakticky znamen\u00e1? \u017de pracovn\u00ed pom\u011br na dobu ur\u010ditou m\u016f\u017ee trvat v\u00a0souhrnu max. 9 let.<\/p>\n<h3>Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed doba dle z\u00e1kon\u00edku pr\u00e1ce<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed doba<\/strong> je <strong>specifikov\u00e1na v <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zakonyprolidi.cz\/cs\/2006-262#cast2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a7 35 ZP<\/a><strong>.<\/strong> B\u011b\u017en\u011b je uv\u00e1d\u011bna pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0r\u00e1mci pracovn\u00ed smlouvy, proto\u017ee mus\u00ed b\u00fdt sjedn\u00e1na: za prv\u00e9 <strong>p\u00edsemn\u011b<\/strong> a za druh\u00e9 <strong>nejpozd\u011bji v\u00a0den n\u00e1stupu do pr\u00e1ce<\/strong>. Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed doba nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>sjedn\u00e1na del\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e je polovina sjednan\u00e9 doby trv\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru (v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b smlouvy na dobu ur\u010ditou)<\/li>\n<li>del\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 3 m\u011bs\u00edce po sob\u011b jdouc\u00ed ode dne vzniku pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru, resp. 6 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f po sob\u011b jdouc\u00edch ode dne vzniku pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru u vedouc\u00edho zam\u011bstnance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed dobu nelze nijak opakovat ani prodlou\u017eit (vyjma celodenn\u00edch p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek v\u00a0pr\u00e1ci a celodenn\u00ed \u010derpan\u00e9 dovolen\u00e9).<\/p>\n<h3>Konkuren\u010dn\u00ed dolo\u017eka<\/h3>\n<p>Konkuren\u010dn\u00ed dolo\u017eka p\u0159edstavuje ujedn\u00e1n\u00ed mezi <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zam%C4%9Bstnavatel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">zam\u011bstnavatelem<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zam%C4%9Bstnanec\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">zam\u011bstnancem<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zakonyprolidi.cz\/cs\/2006-262#cast13\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dle \u00a7 310 ZP<\/a>, kter\u00e9 omezuje v\u00fdd\u011ble\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti zam\u011bstnance po skon\u010den\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, <strong>maxim\u00e1ln\u011b v\u0161ak na dobu jednoho roku<\/strong>. Sjednat konkuren\u010dn\u00ed dolo\u017eku lze jen za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee to je mo\u017en\u00e9 od zam\u011bstnance spravedliv\u011b po\u017eadovat \u2013 nap\u0159. s ohledem na povahu informac\u00ed, poznatk\u016f, znalost\u00ed technologick\u00fdch postup\u016f, kter\u00e9 z\u00edskal v zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed u zam\u011bstnavatele. M\u016f\u017ee se vztahovat pouze k pracovn\u00ed \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e1 by byla shodn\u00e1 s p\u0159edm\u011btem \u010dinnosti zam\u011bstnavatele nebo kter\u00e1 by v\u016f\u010di n\u011bmu m\u011bla konkuren\u010dn\u00ed povahu.<\/p>\n<p>ZP sou\u010dasn\u011b vy\u017eaduje, aby sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed dohody bylo i poskytnut\u00ed p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho pen\u011b\u017eit\u00e9ho vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed ze strany zam\u011bstnavatele, a to nejm\u00e9n\u011b ve v\u00fd\u0161i jedn\u00e9 poloviny <a href=\"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/mzdy-a-personalistika\/prumerny-vydelek-dle-zakoniku-prace-v-prikladech-1-dil\/\">pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdd\u011blku<\/a> za ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc, kdy je zam\u011bstnanec konkuren\u010dn\u00ed dolo\u017ekou omezen.<\/p>\n<h2>Vznik pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru jmenov\u00e1n\u00edm<\/h2>\n<p>Jmenov\u00e1n\u00edm se\u00a0zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed pom\u011br pouze v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadech vedouc\u00edho pracovn\u00edho m\u00edsta, tj.\u00a0u\u00a0vedouc\u00edch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, jejich\u017e okruh je\u00a0ZP d\u00e1le pom\u011brn\u011b omezen.<\/p>\n<p>Nejd\u0159\u00edve je t\u0159eba definovat, na koho pohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed ZP jako na vedouc\u00edho zam\u011bstnance: vedouc\u00edmi zam\u011bstnanci zam\u011bstnavatele se podle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zakonyprolidi.cz\/cs\/2006-262#cast1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a7 11 ZP<\/a> rozum\u011bj\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou na jednotliv\u00fdch stupn\u00edch \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zam\u011bstnavatele opr\u00e1vn\u011bni stanovit a ukl\u00e1dat pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdm zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm pracovn\u00ed \u00fakoly, organizovat, \u0159\u00eddit a kontrolovat jejich pr\u00e1ci a d\u00e1vat jim k tomu \u00fa\u010delu z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 pokyny. Vedouc\u00edm zam\u011bstnancem je nebo se za vedouc\u00edho zam\u011bstnance pova\u017euje rovn\u011b\u017e vedouc\u00ed organiza\u010dn\u00ed slo\u017eky st\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n<p>Ustanoven\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zakonyprolidi.cz\/cs\/2006-262#cast1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a7\u00a033 ZP<\/a> stanov\u00ed, \u017ee\u00a0jmenov\u00e1n\u00edm na\u00a0vedouc\u00ed pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsto se\u00a0zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed pom\u011br v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadech stanoven\u00fdch zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm p\u0159edpisem. Nestanov\u00ed-li to\u00a0zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpis, zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 se\u00a0pracovn\u00ed pom\u011br jmenov\u00e1n\u00edm pouze u\u00a0vedouc\u00edho:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>organiza\u010dn\u00ed slo\u017eky st\u00e1tu,<\/li>\n<li>organiza\u010dn\u00edho \u00fatvaru organiza\u010dn\u00ed slo\u017eky st\u00e1tu,<\/li>\n<li>organiza\u010dn\u00edho \u00fatvaru st\u00e1tn\u00edho podniku,<\/li>\n<li>organiza\u010dn\u00edho \u00fatvaru st\u00e1tn\u00edho fondu,<\/li>\n<li>p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkov\u00e9 organizace,<\/li>\n<li>organiza\u010dn\u00edho \u00fatvaru p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkov\u00e9 organizace,<\/li>\n<li>organiza\u010dn\u00edho \u00fatvaru v\u00a0Policii \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Z\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho tedy vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee\u00a0zalo\u017een\u00ed pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru jmenov\u00e1n\u00edm se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 <strong>v\u00a0oblasti ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy, ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb a\u00a0ve\u00a0st\u00e1tn\u00edch organizac\u00edch, nikoli ve\u00a0sf\u00e9\u0159e podnikatelsk\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 upozornit na skute\u010dnost, \u017ee z\u00e1kon\u00edk pr\u00e1ce bl\u00ed\u017ee nespecifikuje ani formu jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed ani\u00a0jeho podstatn\u00e9 n\u00e1le\u017eitosti. B\u011b\u017enou prax\u00ed v\u0161ak je, \u017ee\u00a0ve jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u00edv\u00e1 nej\u010dast\u011bji podobu jmenovac\u00edho dekretu \u010di osobn\u00edho dopisu, zam\u011bstnavatel standardn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u00ed vedouc\u00ed pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsto, kter\u00e9 bude zam\u011bstnanec zast\u00e1vat, kde bude pr\u00e1ci vykon\u00e1vat a\u00a0den, kter\u00fd bude stanoven jako den n\u00e1stupu do\u00a0pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n<h2>3 nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed chyby p\u0159i sjedn\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru<\/h2>\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee je problematice zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed osob v\u011bnov\u00e1n samostatn\u00fd z\u00e1kon (ZP) doch\u00e1z\u00ed hlavn\u011b u za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edch podnikatel\u016f a personalist\u016f k\u00a0n\u011bkolika z\u00e1sadn\u00edm chyb\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<h3>Pracovn\u00ed smlouva obsahuje p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 podrobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje<\/h3>\n<p>Prvn\u00ed chybou je, kdy\u017e jsou <strong>do pracovn\u00edch smluv uv\u00e1d\u011bny p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 podrobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje<\/strong>. Je t\u0159eba si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee pracovn\u00ed smlouva je dvoustrann\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed akt. Pokud by\u00a0nedo\u0161lo k\u00a0dohod\u011b zam\u011bstnavatele a zam\u011bstnance na v\u0161ech n\u00e1le\u017eitostech, pak\u00a0by\u00a0pracovn\u00ed smlouva nemohla b\u00fdt uzav\u0159ena.<\/p>\n<p>Te\u010f si p\u0159edstavme, \u017ee je nezbytn\u00e9 n\u011bjak\u00e9 ustanoven\u00ed ji\u017e platn\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed smlouvy upravit, odstranit \u010di zcela zm\u011bnit. K\u00a0tomu v\u0161emu je pot\u0159eba v\u017edy uzav\u0159\u00edt <strong>dodatek k\u00a0pracovn\u00ed smlouv\u011b<\/strong>, resp. dohodu o zm\u011bn\u011b sjednan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch podm\u00ednek, kter\u00e1 je op\u011bt dvoustrann\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm aktem. Prakticky to m\u016f\u017ee vypadat tak, \u017ee kdy\u017e nap\u0159. jako zam\u011bstnavatel nejste dlouhodob\u011b spokojeni s\u00a0podpr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdm pracovn\u00edm v\u00fdkonem zam\u011bstnance a chcete mu sn\u00ed\u017eit osobn\u00ed ohodnocen\u00ed, pak pokud by byla sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pracovn\u00ed smlouvy jednozna\u010dn\u011b stanovena v\u00fd\u0161e mzdy a osobn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edplatku, pak byste se na jeho sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed museli se zam\u011bstnancem dohodnout. A asi si v\u0161ichni dovedeme p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed sv\u00e9 mzdy by odsouhlasil asi m\u00e1lokter\u00fd zam\u011bstnanec.<\/p>\n<p>Dobr\u00e1 rada tedy je \u2013 <strong>co nemus\u00edte m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00a0pracovn\u00ed smlouv\u011b upravte rad\u011bji formou vnitropodnikov\u00e9 sm\u011brnice<\/strong>, proto\u017ee jej\u00ed zm\u011bna je zpravidla jednostrann\u00fdm aktem a nepot\u0159ebujete k\u00a0tomu souhlas zam\u011bstnance (pozor v\u0161ak na zm\u011bny sm\u011brnic v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u016fsobnosti odbor\u016f u zam\u011bstnavatele).<\/p>\n<h3>Uzav\u0159en\u00ed pracovn\u00ed smlouvy po n\u00e1stupu do pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru<\/h3>\n<p>Druhou velmi \u010dastou chybou je, \u017ee se n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9 domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee pokud nebyla pracovn\u00ed smlouva v\u010das p\u00edsemn\u011b uzav\u0159ena, oni mohou \u201ep\u00e1r dn\u00ed bez smlouvy\u201c (a tedy bez sebemen\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f) otestovat zam\u011bstnance a v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nespokojenosti s\u00a0n\u00edm se tak bude jednat o neplatn\u00fd pracovn\u00ed pom\u011br. Toto je velk\u00fd omyl!<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kon\u00edk pr\u00e1ce chr\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u011bstnance, kter\u00fd ji\u017e\u00a0za\u010dal vykon\u00e1vat pr\u00e1ci (nap\u0159. bez podepsan\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed smlouvy nebo bez prodlou\u017een\u00ed doby platnosti pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru) p\u0159ed\u00a0mo\u017en\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky neplatnosti pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru, kdy\u017e\u00a0v\u00a0ustanoven\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zakonyprolidi.cz\/cs\/2006-262#cast1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a7\u00a020\u00a0ZP<\/a> stanov\u00ed, \u017ee\u00a0<strong>neplatnosti je\u00a0mo\u017eno se\u00a0dovolat pouze, nebylo-li ji\u017e\u00a0zapo\u010dato s\u00a0pln\u011bn\u00edm<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Soub\u011b\u017en\u00e9 uzav\u0159en\u00ed pracovn\u00edho smlouvy a jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed na m\u00edsti vedouc\u00edho pracovn\u00edka<\/h3>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou chybou je, kdy\u017e se zam\u011bstnanec jmenuje na m\u00edsto vedouc\u00edho pracovn\u00edka a sou\u010dasn\u011b je s\u00a0n\u00edm uzav\u0159ena i pracovn\u00ed smlouva. Toto je op\u011bt chybn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. U vedouc\u00edch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f se\u00a0<strong>pracovn\u00ed smlouva nesepisuje<\/strong>! Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obsah pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru, nad r\u00e1mec jmenovac\u00edho dekretu, a\u00a0jeho podm\u00ednky jsou ur\u010deny nap\u0159.\u00a0tzv.\u00a0mana\u017eerskou smlouvou \u010di jinou <strong>inomin\u00e1tn\u00ed <\/strong>(v\u00fdslovn\u011b z\u00e1konem nepojmenovanou) <strong>smlouvou<\/strong>, v\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se\u00a0v\u0161ak nejedn\u00e1 o\u00a0smlouvu pracovn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<div class=\"info-box\"><span class=\"fa fa-info\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>TIP: P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte, jak\u00e9 jsou <a href=\"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/mzdy-a-personalistika\/4-povinnosti-na-ktere-zamestnavatele-nejcasteji-zapominaji\/\">povinnosti zam\u011bstnavatele<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem je hodno zm\u00ednit, \u017ee nen\u00ed t\u0159eba v\u00a0r\u00e1mci zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a vzniku pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru hledat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 slo\u017eitosti. Je <strong>nezbytn\u00e9 dodr\u017eet povinnosti plynouc\u00ed ze ZP<\/strong> a zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti prost\u011b a jednodu\u0161e dohodnout se zam\u011bstnancem, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b upravit prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vnitropodnikov\u00e9 sm\u011brnice. Nav\u00edc, na internetu lze v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nal\u00e9zt \u0159adu uk\u00e1zkov\u00fdch formul\u00e1\u0159\u016f (nap\u0159. vzor pracovn\u00ed smlouvy, vzor jmenovac\u00ed listiny atd.), kter\u00e9 si lze pom\u011brn\u011b lehce p\u0159izp\u016fsobit k\u00a0podm\u00ednk\u00e1m dan\u00e9ho zam\u011bstnavatele.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pracovn\u00ed pom\u011br je z\u00a0pr\u00e1vn\u00edho hlediska smluvn\u00ed vztah mezi zam\u011bstnancem a zam\u011bstnavatelem. Dle z\u00e1kon\u00edku pr\u00e1ce (d\u00e1le jen \u201eZP\u201c) je zam\u011bstnancem fyzick\u00e1 osoba, kter\u00e1 se zav\u00e1zala k &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":2456,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_searchwp_excluded":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[179,236,151,199],"class_list":["post-2455","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mzdy-a-personalistika","tag-mzdova-evidence","tag-povinnosti-vuci-uradu-prace","tag-vznik-pracovniho-pomeru","tag-zakonik-prace"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2455","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2455"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2455\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11317,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2455\/revisions\/11317"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2456"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2455"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2455"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2455"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}