{"id":344,"date":"2014-01-07T22:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-01-07T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/money2022.localhost\/novinky-a-tipy\/infoservis-nektere-nove-pojmy-z-noveho-obcanskeho-zakoniku\/"},"modified":"2023-02-01T15:10:09","modified_gmt":"2023-02-01T14:10:09","slug":"infoservis-nektere-nove-pojmy-z-noveho-obcanskeho-zakoniku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/dane\/infoservis-nektere-nove-pojmy-z-noveho-obcanskeho-zakoniku\/","title":{"rendered":"Infoservis: N\u011bkter\u00e9 nov\u00e9 pojmy z nov\u00e9ho ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Nov\u00fd ob\u010dansk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00edk (d\u00e1le jen \u201eNOZ\u201c) n\u00e1m p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 nov\u00e9 pojmy, se kter\u00fdmi se budeme setk\u00e1vat tak\u00e9 v da\u0148ov\u00e9 oblasti.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<h2>Korporace<\/h2>\n<p>Korporac\u00ed se rozum\u00ed pr\u00e1vnick\u00e1 osoba, kter\u00e1 je tvo\u0159ena jednou \u010di v\u00edce osobami (fyzick\u00fdmi \u010di pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdmi). Korporace rozli\u0161ujeme:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>1. Obchodn\u00ed korporace<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>obchodn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 obchodn\u00ed spole\u010dnost<\/li>\n<li>komanditn\u00ed spole\u010dnost<\/li>\n<li>spole\u010dnost s ru\u010den\u00edm omezen\u00fdm<\/li>\n<li>akciov\u00e1 spole\u010dnost<\/li>\n<li>evropsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost<\/li>\n<li>evropsk\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 z\u00e1jmov\u00e9 sdru\u017een\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>dru\u017estva<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201eobecn\u00e9\u201c dru\u017estvo<\/li>\n<li>bytov\u00e9 dru\u017estvo<\/li>\n<li>soci\u00e1ln\u00ed dru\u017estvo<\/li>\n<li>evropsk\u00e1 dru\u017estevn\u00ed spole\u010dnost<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>2. Spolky<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>jsou tvo\u0159eny alespo\u0148 t\u0159emi osobami, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1jem. Spolek je samospr\u00e1vn\u00fd a dobrovoln\u00fd svazek \u010dlen\u016f. Spolky nahrazuj\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00e1 sdru\u017een\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Fundace<\/h2>\n<p>Fundace je pr\u00e1vnick\u00e1 osoba <strong>vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 majetkem<\/strong> vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00fdm k ur\u010dit\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010delu. Pat\u0159\u00ed sem nadace a nada\u010dn\u00ed fondy.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00dastav<\/h2>\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o pr\u00e1vnickou osobu ustavenou za \u00fa\u010delem provozov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dinnosti u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 spole\u010densky nebo hospod\u00e1\u0159sky s <strong>vyu\u017eit\u00edm sv\u00e9 osobn\u00ed a majetkov\u00e9 slo\u017eky<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>Spole\u010dnost<\/h2>\n<p>Spole\u010dnost vznik\u00e1, zav\u00e1\u017ee-li se <strong>smlouvou<\/strong> n\u011bkolik osob sdru\u017eit jako spole\u010dn\u00edci za spole\u010dn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delem \u010dinnosti nebo v\u011bci. <strong>Spole\u010dnost nem\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed subjektivitu<\/strong>. Spole\u010dnost tedy nahrazuje doposud zn\u00e1m\u00e9 sdru\u017een\u00ed bez pr\u00e1vn\u00ed subjektivity.<\/p>\n<h2>Tich\u00e1 spole\u010dnost<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Smlouvou<\/strong> o tich\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti se tich\u00fd spole\u010dn\u00edk zavazuje k vkladu, kter\u00fdm se bude pod\u00edlet po celou dobu trv\u00e1n\u00ed tich\u00e9 spol\u010denosti na v\u00fdsledc\u00edch podnik\u00e1n\u00ed podnikatele, a podnikatel se zavazuje platit tich\u00e9mu spole\u010dn\u00edkovi pod\u00edl na zisku.<\/p>\n<h2>Pr\u00e1vo stavby<\/h2>\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o zcela nov\u00fd institut, kter\u00fd NOZ zav\u00e1d\u00ed. Pozemek m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zat\u00ed\u017een v\u011bcn\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem jin\u00e9 osoby (stavebn\u00edka) m\u00edt na povrchu nebo pod povrchem pozemku stavbu. Nen\u00ed podstatn\u00e9, zda se jedn\u00e1 o stavbu ji\u017e z\u0159\u00edzenou \u010di dosud nez\u0159\u00edzenou. Pr\u00e1vo stavby je v\u011bc\u00ed nemovitou, tak\u017ee \u00faplatn\u00e9 nabyt\u00ed vlastnick\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va k pr\u00e1vu stavby je p\u0159edm\u011btem dan\u011b z nabyt\u00ed nemovit\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Sv\u011b\u0159ensk\u00fd fond<\/h2>\n<p>Sv\u011b\u0159ensk\u00fd fond se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00edm majetku z vlastnictv\u00ed zakladatele tak, \u017ee ten sv\u011b\u0159\u00ed spr\u00e1vci majetek k ur\u010dit\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010delu smlouvou nebo po\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm pro p\u0159\u00edpad smrti a sv\u011b\u0159ensk\u00fd spr\u00e1vce se zav\u00e1\u017ee tento majetek dr\u017eet a spravovat. Majetek ve sv\u011b\u0159ensk\u00e9m fondu nen\u00ed ani ve vlastnictv\u00ed zakladatele, ani ve vlastnictv\u00ed spr\u00e1vce a ani ve vlastnictv\u00ed osoby, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 b\u00fdt ze sv\u011brensk\u00e9ho fondu pln\u011bno. Je pot\u0159eba zm\u00ednit, \u017ee pro \u00fa\u010dely dan\u011b z p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f m\u00e1 sv\u011b\u0159ensk\u00fd fond da\u0148ovou subjektivitu, je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za poplatn\u00edka dan\u011b z p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch osob.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u00fdprosa<\/h2>\n<p>V\u00fdprosa vznik\u00e1 za situace, kdy <strong>p\u016fj\u010ditel<\/strong> p\u0159enech\u00e1 n\u011bkomu bezplatn\u011b v\u011bc k u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a nen\u00ed sjednan\u00e1 doba, po kterou se m\u00e1 v\u011bc u\u017e\u00edvat a ani \u00fa\u010del, ke kter\u00e9mu se m\u00e1 v\u011bc u\u017e\u00edvat.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u00fdp\u016fj\u010dka<\/h2>\n<p>Smlouvou o v\u00fdp\u016fj\u010dce <strong>p\u016fj\u010ditel<\/strong> p\u0159enech\u00e1v\u00e1 <strong>vyp\u016fj\u010diteli<\/strong> nezu\u017eivatelnou v\u011bc a zavazuje se mu umo\u017enit jej\u00ed bezplatn\u00e9 do\u010dasn\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n<h2>Pacht<\/h2>\n<p>Pachtovn\u00ed smlouvou se <strong>propachtovatel<\/strong> zavazuje p\u0159enechat <strong>pacht\u00fd\u0159i<\/strong> v\u011bc k do\u010dasn\u00e9mu u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a po\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a pacht\u00fd\u0159 se zavazuje platit za to propachtovateli pachtovn\u00e9 nebo poskytnout pom\u011brnou \u010d\u00e1st v\u00fdnosu z v\u011bci. Jedn\u00e1 se o obdobn\u00fd institut jako je n\u00e1jem, ale s t\u00edm rozd\u00edlem, \u017ee na rozd\u00edl od n\u00e1jmu, kdy lze v\u011bc pouze u\u017e\u00edvat, vznik\u00e1 pacht\u00fd\u0159i pr\u00e1vo krom\u011b u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed br\u00e1t je\u0161t\u011b plody z p\u0159edm\u011btu pachtu.<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1p\u016fj\u010dka<\/h2>\n<p>P\u0159enech\u00e1-li <strong>zap\u016fj\u010ditel vydlu\u017eiteli<\/strong> zastupitelnou v\u011bc tak, aby ji u\u017eil podle libosti a po \u010dase vr\u00e1til v\u011bc stejn\u00e9ho druhu, vznikne smlouva o z\u00e1p\u016fj\u010dce. Z\u00e1p\u016fj\u010dka n\u00e1m nahrazuje pojem <a href=\"https:\/\/finaton.com\/cz\/pujcky\">p\u016fj\u010dka<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>P\u0159\u00edkaz<\/h2>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edkazn\u00ed smlouvou se <strong>p\u0159\u00edkazn\u00edk<\/strong> zavazuje obstarat z\u00e1le\u017eitost <strong>p\u0159\u00edkazce<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u00fdm\u011bnek<\/h2>\n<p>Smlouvou o v\u00fdm\u011bnku si vlastn\u00edk nemovit\u00e9 v\u011bci vymi\u0148uje v souvislosti s jej\u00edm p\u0159evodem pro sebe nebo pro t\u0159et\u00ed osobu po\u017eitky, \u00fakony nebo pr\u00e1va slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k zaopat\u0159en\u00ed na dobu \u017eivota nebo na dobu ur\u010ditou a nabyvatel nemovit\u00e9 v\u011bci se zavazuje zaopat\u0159en\u00ed poskytnout.<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1vdavek<\/h2>\n<p>Byl-li ujedn\u00e1n z\u00e1vdavek, vy\u017eaduje se, aby byl odevzd\u00e1n nejpozd\u011bji p\u0159i uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy. Z\u00e1vdavkem se potvrzuje uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy a strana, kter\u00e1 jej dala, poskytuje jistotu, \u017ee dluh spln\u00ed. Nespln\u00ed-li se dluh z p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny na stran\u011b toho, kdo dal z\u00e1vdavek, m\u016f\u017ee si druh\u00e1 strana z\u00e1vdavek ponechat. Dala-li tato strana z\u00e1vdavek, m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo po\u017eadovat, aby j\u00ed bu\u010f bylo vyd\u00e1no dvojn\u00e1sobn\u011b tolik, anebo aby dlu\u017en\u00edk dluh splnil, nebo, nen\u00ed-li spln\u011bn\u00ed dluhu ji\u017e mo\u017en\u00e9, n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody. Na rozd\u00edl od z\u00e1lohy m\u00e1 z\u00e1vdavek v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pln\u011bn\u00ed ze smlouvy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nov\u00fd ob\u010dansk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00edk (d\u00e1le jen \u201eNOZ\u201c) n\u00e1m p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 nov\u00e9 pojmy, se kter\u00fdmi se budeme setk\u00e1vat tak\u00e9 v da\u0148ov\u00e9 oblasti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_searchwp_excluded":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,13],"tags":[94],"class_list":["post-344","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dane","category-sprava-dane","tag-sprava-dane"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/344","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=344"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/344\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8258,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/344\/revisions\/8258"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=344"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=344"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=344"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}