{"id":394,"date":"2014-07-30T20:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-07-30T20:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/money2022.localhost\/novinky-a-tipy\/infoservis-muze-pojistovna-kratit-pojistne-plneni-pri-oprave-havarovaneho-vozu\/"},"modified":"2023-02-01T15:10:04","modified_gmt":"2023-02-01T14:10:04","slug":"infoservis-muze-pojistovna-kratit-pojistne-plneni-pri-oprave-havarovaneho-vozu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/dane\/infoservis-muze-pojistovna-kratit-pojistne-plneni-pri-oprave-havarovaneho-vozu\/","title":{"rendered":"Infoservis: M\u016f\u017ee poji\u0161\u0165ovna kr\u00e1tit pojistn\u00e9 pln\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i oprav\u011b havarovan\u00e9ho vozu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00dastavn\u00ed soud se zab\u00fdval st\u00ed\u017enost\u00ed vlastn\u00edka automobilu po\u0161kozen\u00e9ho p\u0159i dopravn\u00ed nehod\u011b, kdy poji\u0161\u0165ovna vyplatila pouze \u010d\u00e1st n\u00e1klad\u016f na opravu vozidla a to z d\u016fvodu pou\u017eit\u00ed nov\u00fdch n\u00e1hradn\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Autor: Mgr. Zden\u011bk Zral\u00fd<\/a>, da\u0148ov\u00fd poradce \u010d. 3177<\/strong><\/p>\n

[toc]<\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 se n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z n\u00e1s ji\u017e setkali se situac\u00ed, kdy byl p\u0159i dopravn\u00ed nehod\u011b po\u0161kozen n\u00e1\u0161 automobil. Po proveden\u00e9 oprav\u011b vozu byla uplatn\u011bna n\u00e1hrada \u0161kody u poji\u0161\u0165ovny, nicm\u00e9n\u011b po\u017eadovan\u00e1 n\u00e1hrada byla poji\u0161\u0165ovnou pon\u00ed\u017eena. Jako d\u016fvod poji\u0161\u0165ovna uvedla, \u017ee pou\u017eit\u00edm nov\u00fdch n\u00e1hradn\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f do\u0161lo ke zhodnocen\u00ed havarovan\u00e9ho vozidla.<\/p>\n

V \u010dervnu se k t\u00e9to problematice vyj\u00e1d\u0159il ve sv\u00e9m n\u00e1lezu \u00dastavn\u00ed soud (d\u00e1le jen \u201e\u00daS\u201c) \u2013 I. \u00daS 1902\/13 ze dne 11. \u010dervna 2014. V projedn\u00e1van\u00e9 v\u011bci se jednalo o situaci, kdy do\u0161lo p\u0159i autonehod\u011b k po\u0161kozen\u00ed automobilu. Nebylo sporu o tom, \u017ee majitel po\u0161kozen\u00e9ho vozu nehodu nezp\u016fsobil. Po\u0161kozen\u00fd si nechal automobil opravit za cenu 78.616 K\u010d a tuto cenu uplatnil v\u016f\u010di poji\u0161\u0165ovn\u011b jako n\u00e1hradu vznikl\u00e9 \u0161kody. Poji\u0161\u0165ovna oproti o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eila n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody o 29 % a poslala po\u0161kozen\u00e9mu pouze 55.691 K\u010d. Jako od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed uvedla, \u017ee vlivem pou\u017eit\u00ed nov\u00fdch n\u00e1hradn\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f do\u0161lo ke zhodnocen\u00ed dan\u00e9ho vozu.<\/p>\n

Prvoinstan\u010dn\u00ed soud<\/h2>\n

Po\u0161kozen\u00fd se obr\u00e1til se \u017ealobou na Obvodn\u00ed soud pro Prahu 6, kter\u00fd \u017ealob\u011b vyhov\u011bl<\/strong>. Mimo jin\u00e9 konstatoval, \u017ee oprava byla \u00fa\u010deln\u00e1, cena havarovan\u00e9ho vozu je v\u017edy ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed a \u017ee poji\u0161\u0165ovnou m\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 zhodnocen\u00ed bylo po\u0161kozen\u00e9mu vnuceno. D\u00e1le vyj\u00e1d\u0159il n\u00e1zor, \u017ee povinnost k \u00fahrad\u011b opravy nelze p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et na po\u0161kozen\u00e9ho a odk\u00e1zal na n\u00e1lez \u00dastavn\u00edho soudu sp. zn. II. \u00daS 2221\/07 ze dne 19. b\u0159ezna 2008, kter\u00fd \u0159e\u0161il obdobn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad.<\/p>\n

Odvolac\u00ed soud<\/h2>\n

N\u00e1sledovalo odvol\u00e1n\u00ed u M\u011bstsk\u00e9ho soudu v Praze. Odvolac\u00ed soud prvoinstan\u010dn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed zru\u0161il<\/strong>. Odvolac\u00ed soud vy\u0161el z posudku znalce, kter\u00fd konstatoval, \u017ee se automobil s najet\u00fdmi 130.000 km nach\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v polovin\u011b sv\u00e9 \u017eivotnosti a vzhledem k pou\u017eit\u00ed nov\u00fdch n\u00e1hradn\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f p\u0159i oprav\u011b by p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9m prodeji vozidla do\u0161lo ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed prodejn\u00ed ceny. Jin\u00fdmi slovy \u2013 zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u2013 automobil je v polovin\u011b \u017eivotnosti, z toho d\u016fvodu se mus\u00ed o polovinu po\u0159izovac\u00edch cen nov\u00fdch n\u00e1hradn\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u00e1hrada \u0161kody.<\/p>\n

\u00dastavn\u00ed soud<\/h2>\n

Odvolac\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed bylo napadeno \u00fastavn\u00ed st\u00ed\u017enost\u00ed a \u00fastavn\u00ed st\u00ed\u017enost byla \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1<\/strong>. \u00daS konstatoval, \u017ee bylo poru\u0161eno pr\u00e1vo na spravedliv\u00fd proces a rozhodnut\u00ed M\u011bstsk\u00e9ho soudu v Praze bylo zru\u0161eno.<\/p>\n

\u00daS vych\u00e1zel p\u0159i sv\u00e9m rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho n\u00e1lezu II. \u00daS 2221\/07, z n\u011bj\u017e cituje:<\/p>\n

\u201eJe-li za \u0161kodu pova\u017eov\u00e1na \u00fajma, kter\u00e1 nastala v majetkov\u00e9 sf\u00e9\u0159e po\u0161kozen\u00e9ho, a jej\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e je d\u00e1na rozd\u00edlem mezi majetkov\u00fdm stavem po\u0161kozen\u00e9ho p\u0159ed a po po\u0161kozen\u00ed, mus\u00ed i rozsah n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody zohlednit v\u00fd\u0161i v\u0161ech nutn\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 byl po\u0161kozen\u00fd nucen vynalo\u017eit k obnoven\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edho majetkov\u00e9ho stavu, v dan\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b k oprav\u011b vozidla tak, aby bylo z technick\u00e9ho hlediska stejn\u011b provozuschopn\u00e9 jako p\u0159ed \u0161kodnou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed. Pokud obnoven\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edho majetkov\u00e9ho stavu nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 jinak ne\u017e za pou\u017eit\u00ed nov\u00fdch n\u00e1hradn\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f, oprava byla provedena \u00fa\u010deln\u011b a sm\u011b\u0159ovala jen k odstran\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1sledk\u016f \u0161kodn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, nelze p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et povinnost k \u00fahrad\u011b n\u00e1klad\u016f na uveden\u00ed v\u011bci do p\u016fvodn\u00edho stavu na po\u0161kozen\u00e9ho a neod\u016fvodn\u011bn\u011b jej znev\u00fdhod\u0148ovat oproti \u0161k\u016fdci.
Je t\u0159eba p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnout i k tomu, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b havarovan\u00e9ho vozidla, by\u0165 opraven\u00e9ho nov\u00fdmi d\u00edly, je jeho skute\u010dn\u00e1 hodnota v\u017edy ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u016fvodn\u00ed hodnota pou\u017eit\u00e9ho vozidla. V neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b je t\u0159eba vz\u00edt v \u00favahu i to, \u017ee po\u0161kozen\u00e9mu ono diskutabiln\u00ed tzv. \u201azhodnocen\u00ed\u2018 vozidla v podstat\u011b bylo protipr\u00e1vn\u00edm jedn\u00e1n\u00edm vnuceno. V d\u016fsledku \u0161kodn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti se tak dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do situace, kdy a\u010dkoliv na rozd\u00edl od vin\u00edka \u0161kody si po\u010d\u00ednal v souladu s pr\u00e1vem (v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b neporu\u0161il dopravn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy), je nucen vynalo\u017eit ze sv\u00e9ho zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1stku na to, aby sv\u00e9 vozidlo mohl v\u016fbec pou\u017e\u00edvat jako p\u0159ed \u0161kodnou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Stanovisko \u00daS je ke zkouman\u00e9 v\u011bci tedy takov\u00e9, \u017ee poji\u0161\u0165ovna nen\u00ed opr\u00e1vn\u011bna kr\u00e1tit n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody p\u0159i oprav\u011b havarovan\u00e9ho automobilu z d\u016fvodu pou\u017eit\u00ed nov\u00fdch n\u00e1hradn\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f<\/strong> a to mimo jin\u00e9 z n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • u\u017e p\u0159i samotn\u00e9 hav\u00e1rii doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hodnoty vozu,<\/li>\n
  • pou\u017eit\u00edm nov\u00fdch n\u00e1hradn\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f nevznik\u00e1 tzv. zhodnocen\u00ed vozu,<\/li>\n
  • po\u0161kozen\u00fd nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nucen p\u0159i oprav\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat star\u00e9 \u010di neorigin\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1hradn\u00ed d\u00edly,<\/li>\n
  • nelze p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et \u00fahradu n\u00e1klad\u016f na po\u0161kozen\u00e9ho,<\/li>\n
  • rozhodnut\u00ed \u00daS jsou pro obecn\u00e9 soudy z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 (neakceptov\u00e1n\u00ed II. \u00daS 2221\/07).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Z\u00e1v\u011brem \u00daS uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1zor v n\u00e1lezu u\u010din\u011bn\u00fd je ji\u017e tak\u00e9 pln\u011b v souladu s \u00a7 2969 nov\u00e9ho ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u00dastavn\u00ed soud se zab\u00fdval st\u00ed\u017enost\u00ed vlastn\u00edka automobilu po\u0161kozen\u00e9ho p\u0159i dopravn\u00ed nehod\u011b, kdy poji\u0161\u0165ovna vyplatila pouze \u010d\u00e1st n\u00e1klad\u016f na opravu vozidla a to z d\u016fvodu pou\u017eit\u00ed …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_searchwp_excluded":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,8],"tags":[64],"class_list":["post-394","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dan-z-prijmu-pravnickych-osob","category-dane","tag-dan-z-prijmu"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/394","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=394"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/394\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5403,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/394\/revisions\/5403"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=394"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=394"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/money.cz\/novinky-a-tipy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=394"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}